From the category archives:

Marsupials

Brush-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa)

by J.R. Atkins on September 13, 2009

in Marsupials

Brush-tailed phascogale (click image to enlarge)

Brush-tailed phascogale (click image to enlarge)


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The brush-tailed phascogale (also called the tuan or the brush-tailed marsupial mouse) is a marsupial that lives in a few scattered regions around the edges of Australia. Brush-tailed phascogales (perhaps I’ll call them BTPs) are arboreal, nocturnal, and solitary—in other words, they scamper around the treetops at night, all alone in the moonlight. They like to eat lizards, birds, insects, and small mammals like mice, and they’re pretty agonistic, a zoological word meaning combative. BTPs can make a few different noises, and I like the way Walker’s describes them:

“When disturbed, P. tapoatafa utters a low, rasping hiss, which apparently is an alarm note. When angered, tuans emit a series of staccato ‘chit-chit’ sounds. Sometimes, when excited, tuans slap the pads of their forefeet down together while holding an alert, rigid pose, thus producing a sharp rapping sound. At times they also make a rapid drumming noise by quick vibrations of the tail.”

That all sounds quite similar to my daughter’s 5th-grade band in their first week together after the teacher told them, “You can make as much noise as you want before you pack up.”

The IUCN classifies the BTP as near threatened. Its numbers have been declining because of habitat loss and alteration and, to a lesser extent, being eaten by foxes and cats.

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Tasmanian devil (click image to enlarge)

Tasmanian devil (click image to enlarge)


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Tasmanian devils are feisty, aggressive guys, with a screech that’s invariably described as bloodcurdling or bone-chilling. They dine on carrion, and they especially love to eat dead wallabies and opossums. They get into scuffles over their food, during which they nip at each other’s faces, and their complicated, violent mating rituals also involve rival males biting each other’s faces. Tasmanian devils have extremely strong jaws, which let them crunch on bones. Their genus name, Sarcophilus, means “flesh lover.” Listen to their screams in this video:

But Tasmanian devils are in big trouble: over the past 13 years, the wild devil population has fallen by 70 percent.

The devils are falling victim to a vicious, communicable cancer called devil facial tumor disease. Their face-biting just helps the cancer spread. The Australian government declared the devils endangered last week, and frantic efforts to save the species include captive breeding programs on the Australian mainland, the quarantine of non-affected populations with devil-proof fences, and the release of breeding pairs on isolated islands, in addition to a search for a vaccine for their cancer. If these attempts don’t work, the Tasmanian devil could be extinct within a decade or two.

  • Save the Tasmanian Devil
  • Tassie Devil Cancer Awareness
  • Tassie Devil Appeal: breed a virtual devil
  • National Geographic: “‘Teen Sex’ Rising for Cancer-Affected Tasmanian Devils”
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    Little Red Kaluta (click image to enlarge)

    Little Red Kaluta (click image to enlarge)

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    This little marsupial is widespread in the desert of northwestern Australia, where it likes to eat insects and small vertebrates. The young are born in November, and they’re old enough to mate by the time kaluta mating season rolls around the following September. Sadly, all males die shortly after the mating season, apparently from the stress of competing for females!

    In this little guy’s Latin name, kaluta is an aboriginal word for the animal, and dasy means hairy. Rosamondae is in honor of Rosamund Clifford, a legendarily beautiful redhead of the 12th century. She was the mistress of Henry II from her teen years until shortly before her death, in a convent, in her 20s. Many tales have arisen about her over the years, the most persistent, perhaps, being that she was poisoned by Henry’s jealous wife, Eleanor of Aquitane. This is probably not true, but artists have long been intrigued by the story. Below is a painting by J.W. Waterhouse from 1905. See evil Eleanor poking her head through the curtains behind the unsuspecting Rosamund? She has followed Rosamund’s embroidery thread through a labyrinthine garden to find the king’s mistress in her secret castle.

    Fair Rosamund by J.W. Waterhouse, 1905

    Fair Rosamund by J.W. Waterhouse, 1905

    Here’s another painting of the same scene. This one is from 1862 and was painted by Edward Coley Burne-Jones.

    Fair Rosamund and Queen Eleanor by E.C. Burne-Jones, 1862

    Fair Rosamund and Queen Eleanor by E.C. Burne-Jones, 1862

    This beautiful striped rose was named for Rosamund Clifford, too.

    Rosa Mundi (Rosa gallica versicolor) by Sebastian Crump

    Rosa Mundi (Rosa gallica versicolor) by Sebastian Crump

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    click image to enlarge

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    These teensy marsupials live in the Australian alps (and boast the saddest IUCN range map I’ve ever seen). They hibernate in the winter under a thick layer of snow. In the warmer months, they eat lots and lots and lots of moths, along with some other things, and also store berries and seeds to munch on when they occasionally wake from torpor. They’re the only marsupial that stores food, and I think they’re the only marsupial that hibernates, although I haven’t confirmed that for sure. They’re only about 4 inches long, with their prehensile tails adding another 6 inches on to that.

    A recent study found that animals that hibernate or burrow are less likely to become endangered or extinct. The theory is that hibernation and burrowing protects them from environmental changes. Sadly, that isn’t the case for the mountain pygmy possum, whose population is being ravaged by the Australian skiing industry. Is it more important to have perfectly groomed slopes to schuss down, or to keep this evolutionarily distinct mammal alive? We may find out too late.

    (I’m not purposely picking the most sad-case endangered animals to share with you, by the way. Not at all. It just turns out that we humans have a whole lot to answer for when it comes to the other animals on the planet. I think my next theme week should be Mammals There Are Too Darn Many Of, just to cheer us up. But then again, there are often Too Darn Many of a mammal because there are Too Darn Few of another one, usually because of something humans did.)

    ARKive has some nice videos of the adorable mountain pygmy possum. I like the one that’s catching moths to eat.

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    click image to enlarge

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    Today we continue our celebration of President-Elect Barack Obama and his home state of Hawaii! The brush-tailed rock wallaby, native to Australia, was once common throughout that continent; now it’s confined to tiny parts of Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria. The Victoria population, in particular, is near extinction. These fuzzy marsupials live on rocky ledges and…Wait, what’s that? Oh, yes, Hawaii!

    In 1916, someone brought two adult brush-tailed rock wallabies—a male and a female—and one wallaby joey from Australia to Hawaii for a private zoo. While they waited to move into their new digs, the wallabies were kept in a tent. Well, a pack of local dogs attacked the tent and killed the joey, but the adult breeding pair escaped. Now there’s a feral population of “brushies” in Oahu, all of whom are descended from the 1916 escapees.

    This species was introduced to New Zealand, too, and it’s possible that in the future, the Hawaii and New Zealand emigrés could prove helpful in conserving the original Australian populations. Unlike other introduced species, the brush-tailed rock wallabies enjoy a pretty undisturbed Hawaiian life. Since they’re related to the vulnerable Australians, and since they don’t really harm anyone or multiply wildly or compete with anyone, the state government protects them.

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    Striped Possum (Dactylopsila trivirgata)

    by J.R. Atkins on August 5, 2008

    in Marsupials

    click image to enlarge

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    Nocturnal, arboreal, and marsupial, the striped possum, who lives in Australia and New Guinea, is about the size of a squirrel. This fellow munches and lunches on insects, flowers, leaves, fruit, small invertebrates, and sweet local honey. If you’re out and about in an Australian forest of a summer evening, listen for rustling and crunching sounds overhead, and watch for falling leftovers: you may be in the presence of a striped possum.

    Thanks to the striped possum and the BBC, I have just learned a new Britishism: the verb “to winkle,” which means to extract or obtain something with difficulty. Striped possums use their longer fourth fingers to winkle grubs out of rotten wood.

    Here’s a nice local news feature on striped possums in the Fort Wayne zoo: Wild on WANE.

    Consecutive days of mammals: 4
    Record: 16

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    Eastern Barred Bandicoot (Perameles gunnii)

    by J.R. Atkins on June 9, 2008

    in Marsupials

    click image to enlarge

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    The eastern barred bandicoot is a critically endangered Australian marsupial. Animal Diversity Web says there are only about 300–400 of them alive in the wild. They eat mainly insects and worms, along with some berries and grasses and such. They’re noisy and they leap along the ground.

    Consecutive days of mammals: 4
    Record: 16

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